▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - Porous silicon composite clusters (11) comprise a porous core comprising porous silicon composite secondary particles comprising aggregates of two or more silicon composite primary particles comprising silicon, silicon oxide (I), arranged on the silicon, and a graphene (g1) arranged on the silicon oxide, and a shell arranged around surrounding of the core. The shell comprises a graphene (g2). USE - Porous silicon composite clusters used in carbon composite for electrode e.g. negative electrode used in field emission device, biosensor, semiconductor device, thermoelectric device and lithium ion battery (all claimed). Uses include but are not limited to plug-in hybrid electric vehicle, ultrasonic vacuum tube equipment, laptop computer, smartphone, electric vehicle, flat display device, hybrid vehicle, power amplifier, ion gun, high-energy accelerator, etc. ADVANTAGE - The porous silicon composite clusters have high electroconductivity, low thermal conductivity, reduced specific surface area and increased volume density, as compared with silicon composite primary particles, thus improving volumetric energy density and reducing volume expansion of electrode when mixed with the carbonaceous material, and can reduce volume expansion of the electrode, and suppresses disintegration of the battery caused by the volume expansion and contraction of silicon during charging and discharging, and improves durability of the battery against charging and discharging. The carbon composite obtained using the porous silicon composite clusters has improved initial efficiency, specific capacity characteristics, rate capability, and durability. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Porous silicon composite clusters comprise a porous core comprising porous silicon composite secondary particles comprising aggregates of two or more silicon composite primary particles comprising silicon, silicon oxide of formula: SiOq (I), arranged on the silicon, and a graphene (g1) arranged on the silicon oxide, and a shell arranged on the core surrounding. The shell comprises a graphene (g2). q=0-2. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following: (1) manufacture of porous silicon composite clusters, which involves contacting silicon having silicon oxide provided on the silicon, a dispersing agent, and a solvent to form a composition comprising porous silicon secondary particles, and thermally treating the porous silicon secondary particles in an atmosphere comprising a carbon source gas to form the porous silicon composite clusters; and (2) carbon composite, which comprises the porous silicon composite clusters and a carbonaceous material. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of explaining operation of negative electrode including the porous silicon composite clusters. Porous silicon composite clusters (11) Current collector (22) Graphite (34)