▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - Fabricating graphene materials involves coating a semi-solid hydrocarbon precursor onto a metal substrate, heating the semi-solid hydrocarbon precursor and the coated metal substrate to a first temperature, maintaining the first temperature to dissociate the semi-solid hydrocarbon precursor into carbon on the metal substrate and cooling to a second temperature that is lower than the first temperature to allow the dissociated hydrocarbon to arrange itself into graphene on the metal substrate. USE - Method for fabricating graphene materials (claimed). ADVANTAGE - The method enables to fabricate graphene materials and to improve their quantum mechanical effects including optical properties, that are not present in the same materials at larger dimensions. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included: (1) for a method for producing porous graphene which involves coating a semi-solid hydrocarbon-nanoparticle mixture onto a surface of a metal substrate, hydrocarbon-nanoparticle mixture including a saturated hydrocarbon and nanoparticles, heating the semi-solid hydrocarbon-nanoparticle mixture coated metal substrate to a temperature 450 degrees C, maintaining the temperature of the heated semi-solid hydrocarbon-nanoparticle mixture coated metal substrate to dissociate the semi-solid hydrocarbon- nanoparticle mixture on the surface of the metal substrate into carbon and the nanoparticles and cooling the heated semi-solid hydrocarbon-nanoparticle mixture coated metal substrate at a rate 20 degrees C per minute to reach 200 degrees C, cooling allows the carbon to precipitate out at the surface of the heated semi-solid hydrocarbon-nanoparticle mixture coated metal substrate and to arrange itself into graphene together with the nanoparticles, coating a polymer on the graphene and the nanoparticles and dispersing the cooled metal substrate and the nanoparticles; (2) for a method for incorporating metal, or semiconducting, or insulating nanoparticles during the formation a sheet of graphene which involves combining metal, or semiconducting, or insulating nanoparticles with a saturated hydrocarbon to form a combination, heating the combination to a predetermined temperature to obtain a melt, stirring the melt to form a substantially homogeneous mixture, transferring the substantially homogeneous mixture to a substrate, cooling the substantially homogeneous mixture to form a coated substrate, and subjecting the coated substrate to chemical vapor deposition in an inert atmosphere to form the sheet of graphene with the metal, or semiconducting, or insulating nanoparticles; (3) for a method for incorporating additives during the formation a sheet of graphene, which involves providing a saturated hydrocarbon, additives, and a substrate, applying one or more layers of the saturated hydrocarbon to the substrate, applying one or more layers of the additives to a top surface of the saturated hydrocarbon, and subjecting the layers of the additives, saturated hydrocarbon, and the substrate to chemical vapor deposition in an inert atmosphere to form the sheet of graphene with one or more layers of additives; (4) for a method of fabricating graphene which involves providing a substrate transportation system, a substrate, a precursor dispenser containing one or more precursors, an energy device, and a cooling device, advancing the substrate transportation system to convey the substrate through the precursor dispenser, dispensing precursors from the precursor dispenser onto the substrate, advancing the substrate transportation system to convey the substrate with precursors through the energy device, triggering the energy device to achieve one or more predetermined heating temperatures for predetermined time intervals to activate the precursors on the substrate, advancing the substrate transportation system to convey the substrate with the activated precursors through the cooling device, triggering the cooling device to predetermined cooling temperatures for predetermined time intervals to form graphene patterns from the activated precursors on the substrate, and advancing the substrate transportation system to convey the substrate with graphene patterns for separation of the graphene patterns from the substrate; (5) for a method of fabricating of multiple graphene patterns which involves providing a substrate transportation system, a substrate, two or more precursor dispensers, two or more energy devices, and two or more cooling devices, advancing the substrate transportation system to convey the substrate through a first precursor dispenser of the precursor dispensers, dispensing a first precursor in a predetermined pattern from the first precursor dispenser of precursor dispensers on to the substrate, advancing the substrate transportation system to convey the substrate with the first patterned precursor through a first energy device of the two or more energy devices, triggering the first energy device of the two or more energy devices to a first predetermined heating temperature for a first predetermined heating time interval to activate the first patterned precursor on the substrate, advancing the substrate transportation system to convey the substrate with the first activated precursor through a first cooling device of the two or more cooling devices, triggering the first cooling device of the two or more cooling devices to a first cooling temperature for a first predetermined cooling time interval to form a first graphene pattern from the first activated precursor on the substrate and advancing the substrate transportation system to convey the substrate with the first graphene pattern through subsequent precursor dispensers of subsequent energy devices to form two or more graphene patterns in proximity of the first graphene pattern; and (6) for a method of fabricating of graphene on an extruded part, which involves providing an extrusion die, a precursor dispenser, and a graphene growth zone, supplying a non-reactant cover gas to purge reactant levels of oxygen from the precursor dispenser, drawing an extruded part from the extrusion die, advancing the extruded part through the precursor dispenser, dispensing precursor from the precursor dispenser onto the extruded part, supplying a non-reactant cover gas to purge reactant levels of oxygen from the graphene growth zone, advancing an extruded part with the precursor through the graphene growth zone for a predetermined time for graphene growth on the extruded part and advancing the extruded part with graphene from graphene growth zone.