▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - Electrode material comprises a powder comprising a surface coating or deposits of metal oxide, and a carbon powder including a carbon xerogel, carbon microfibers, carbon nanofibers, carbon nano tubes, graphite, graphene, carbon black, and/or activated carbon. USE - The electrode material is useful in a capacitor cell and a secondary battery cell (all claimed). ADVANTAGE - The electrode material improves: the electrode cycle life, reduced recharge times and increased usable storage capacity at elevated secondary battery power levels; and electrode operating voltage range and storage capacity. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Electrode material comprises a powder comprising a surface coating or deposits of metal oxide, and a carbon powder including a carbon xerogel, carbon microfibers, carbon nanofibers, carbon nano tubes, graphite, graphene, carbon black, and/or activated carbon, where the: metal oxide comprises at least one of manganese, nickel, cobalt, iron, aluminum, chromium, molybdenum, rhodium, iridium, osmium, rhenium, vanadium, tungsten, tantalum, palladium, lead, tin, titanium, copper, zinc, niobium and lithium; average thickness of the metal oxide coating is 5-1000 nm; the metal oxide coating comprises a crystalline phase, and/or a partially crystalline phase; the carbon powder comprises pores of above and below average pore size, where the pores of above average pore size have an average diameter larger than 1 nm, and the pores of below average pore size are smaller than 10 mu m; and the average particle size of the carbon powder is greater than 10 nm and smaller than 30 mu m in its largest dimension. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for: (1) producing an electrode material comprising: reacting a metal salt with a surface of a carbon, where the reacting step is an oxidation/reduction reaction, the metal salt is contained in an aqueous precursor solution, where the precursor solution further comprising ionic species, and the carbon is infiltrated with the precursor solution; reducing the ionic species on the surface of the carbon and co-depositing in oxide form upon the carbon, where the aqueous precursor solution is maintained at 20-250 degrees C during the infiltration, where the infiltration step comprises immersing and equilibrating the carbon powder in a bath of the aqueous metal salt precursor solution, or applying pressure spray consisting of the aqueous metal salt precursor solution upon the carbon powder, where the solvent of the aqueous metal salt precursor solution comprises at least one of purified water, an organic solvent including an alcohol, pH buffer, and/or additional cation salts, the aqueous metal salt precursor solution is metals including manganese, nickel, cobalt, iron, aluminum, chromium, molybdenum, rhodium, iridium, osmium, rhenium, vanadium, tungsten, tantalum, palladium, lead, tin, titanium, copper, zinc, niobium, and/or lithium, and the electrode material is a carbon powder with a surface coating or deposits of metal oxide; (2) a capacitor cell comprising: a first electrode, which comprises a composite including the material, a binder and at least one of activated carbon, hard carbon, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, graphene or graphite; a second electrode, which comprises a composite including the material, a binder, and at least one of activated carbon, hard carbon, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, graphene or graphite, a porous activated carbon structure, or a composite comprising a binder and a conductivity enhancing carbon and powder comprising at least one of a metal oxide, a metal carbide, a metal nitride, a metal phosphate, activated carbon, hard carbon, carbon nanotubes, graphene or graphite; an electrolyte (3); an electronically insulating but ionically conductive separator film; and a current collector, where the first and the second electrodes are separated by the separator film, each electrode is physically attached and electronically connected to the current collector, the electrolyte comprises salts of alkali metal in at least one of an aqueous solvent, a non-aqueous solvent, a polymer, and/or an ionic liquid, the current collector is metal foil, metal mesh, electrically conductive polymer composites, and/or expanded metal, and the optional carbon structure or carbon powder is used with or without nitrogen doping; and (3) a secondary battery cell comprising an electrolyte, an electronically insulating but ionically conductive separator film, a pair of electrodes, where at least one of the pair of electrodes comprises a composite, and the pair of electrodes is separated by the separator film, and a current collector. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of an electrochemical cell including an electrochemical capacitors or secondary battery. Cathode current collector (1) Cathode (2) Electrolyte/separator (3) Anode (4) Anode current collector (5)