▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - Flexible planar heating element comprises polymer, nano-carbon filler, curing agent, and catalyst. The polymer is epoxy, which is thermosetting resin. The nano carbon filler comprises multi-walled carbon nanotube and graphene nanoplatelet. USE - The flexible planar heating element is useful as battery heater (claimed). ADVANTAGE - The flexible planar heating element has excellent flexibility, durability, high-temperature stability, and high temperature heating characteristics at low voltage, and suppresses aggregation between particles, and improves dispersibility. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacturing flexible planar heating element. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a flowchart illustrating the method for manufacturing flexible planar heating element (Drawing includes non-English language text). S100Pyrene copolymer synthesis step 2Carbon nanotube/GMP surface modification step S300Nano-carbon filler manufacturing step S400Nano-carbon composite material manufacturing step S500Coating step