▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - Graphene substrate comprises edge and non-edge regions, where organic or inorganic molecules are bound to the non-edge regions of the substrate, and the organic or inorganic molecules are present on the non-edge regions at a population of greater than one molecule/30000 nm2. USE - As graphene substrate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for method for functionalizing the graphene substrate, which involves (i) obtaining graphene substrate that has edge regions and non-edge regions, where the non-edge regions comprise epoxy moieties, (ii) reacting the epoxy moieties with a Nu-M, the Nu is a nucleophilic moiety and M is an attached organic or inorganic moiety, and (iii) functionalizing the graphene substrate, (b) (i) obtaining graphene substrate that has edge regions and non-edge regions, where the non-edge regions comprise hydroxy moieties, (ii) reacting the hydroxyl moieties with a E-M, E is electrophilic moiety and M is an attached organic or inorganic moiety, and (iii) functionalizing the graphene substrate, or (c) (i) obtaining graphene substrate that has edge regions and non-edge regions, (ii) reacting the substrate with a molecule that comprises histidine, arginine, lysine or cationic tag covalently attached to the molecule, and (iii) providing a functionalized graphene substrate, where molecules are non-covalently attached to the non-edge regions of the substrate.