▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - A conductive material comprises an assemblage of graphene sheets interconnecting electrically in a discrete transparent layer, which is greater than 1 mm2 in area and has a resistance of less than 1 kOhms/square. USE - Conductive material i.e. transparent conductive electrode or graphene electrode for use on touchscreen, LCD display, plasma television panel, solar cells, or batteries; three-dimensional composite material used for protection against static electricity and electrical shielding and for printed wiring; conductive polymers; conductive paint or ink used to form e.g. printed wiring and electromagnetic interference shielding or to provide surface protection as protective layer; electrochemical capacitor or supercapacitor; fire or flame retardant material; fuel cell; lubricants; fuel additives; catalyst; activated carbon filters; automotive tires; flow sensor for measuring liquid flow velocities along a direction of liquid flow; drugs that may be introduced into the body; medical imaging system; UV sunblock or sunscreen; thermodynamically stable composite material; biological materials; and photoelectric devices. ADVANTAGE - With the accurate characterization of the solvent quality of multiple solvents for a given solute, it is possible not only to identify an improved solvent, but also to create improved separation of mixed solutes, e.g. mixtures of graphene sheets of different sizes. Low-cost graphene provides a wide variety of additional products and processes in which graphene replaces more expensive carbon nanotubes and other carbon allotropes. Graphene sheets provide for a more finely dispersed lubricant than can be obtained with even the most finely powdered graphite; and a chemically resistant and mechanically strong protective layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for: (1) a method of manufacturing a conductive material comprising introducing graphite into a solvent to produce sheets of graphene, where solvent has chi of less than 0.01; and applying the solvent and graphene sheets to a surface to produce an assemblage of graphene sheets interconnecting electrically in a discrete layer, which is greater than 1 mm2 in area; (2) a method of characterizing solvent/solute systems comprising measuring a solvent quality, indicating an effectiveness of a solvent in dissolving the solute for different solvents, each solvent having a known intrinsic property, and the solvent quality being derived from a measurement of a Rayleigh scattering of a solution of the solute for each different solvent at solute concentrations of less than 0.5 mg/ml; fitting a curve to the solvent quality measurements as a function of the intrinsic properties; finding a local extreme in the curve to identify a desired intrinsic property value; and identifying a solvent having an intrinsic property approximating the desired intrinsic property value; (3) a graphene treated with a solvent having chi of less than 0.01; and (4) a solvent for forming a solution of carbon nanotubes, where solvent has chi of less than - 0.08 for pristine carbon nanotubes. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing is a graph showing surface conductivity versus sequential depositions of graphene plotted against surface conductivity of a standard indium tin oxide coating.