▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - Preparing and characterizing graphene composite sponge comprises preparing experimental materials and instruments, preparing graphene-carbon fiber composite sponge comprising washing the discarded cigarette ends, drying, soaking in a graphene oxide solution, drying, then placing in a tube furnace and heating, preparing nitrogen-doped graphene-carbon fiber composite sponge by washing and drying the natural cotton, mixing with the urea solution in the mold and freeze-drying to obtain cotton-urea blocks, heating the block in a tube furnace, continuously heating and cooling to room temperature, preparing graphene nanoribbon composite sponge by mixing graphene oxide and graphene oxide nanoribbons in deionized water, placing the solution in a beaker, freezing in a freeze dryer, then vacuum freeze drying, taking the graphene oxide nanoribbon composite sponge from the mold, and reducing in hydrazine steam, and characterizing the composite sponge by morphology and chemical composition analysis. USE - The method is useful for preparing and characterizing graphene composite sponge. ADVANTAGE - The method is beneficial to improve the intensity of graphene sponge. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preparing and characterizing graphene composite sponge comprises (i) preparing experimental materials and instruments, (ii) preparing graphene-carbon fiber composite sponge specifically comprising (a) washing the discarded cigarette ends, drying, soaking in a graphene oxide solution, and drying, (b) then placing in a tube furnace and heating at 900 degrees C at a rate of 5 degrees C/minute for 2 hours, (iii) preparing nitrogen-doped graphene-carbon fiber composite sponge by (a) washing and drying the natural cotton, mixing with the urea solution in the mold, and freeze-drying to obtain cotton-urea blocks, (b) heating the block in a tube furnace at 600 degrees C at a rate of 1 degrees C/minute for 1 hour, continuously heating to 900 degrees C at this rate for another 1 hour, and cooling to room temperature, (iv) preparing graphene nanoribbon composite sponge by (a) mixing graphene oxide and graphene oxide nanoribbons in deionized water at a mass ratio of 1:1, and configuring to the corresponding concentrations, (b) placing the solution in a beaker (or container of any shape), freezing in the cold well of a freeze dryer for more than 24 hours, and then vacuum freeze drying for 48 hours, and (c) taking the graphene oxide nanoribbon composite sponge from the mold, and reducing in 90 degrees C hydrazine steam for 24 hours, and (v) characterizing the composite sponge prepared in steps (ii) and (ii) includes morphology analysis and chemical composition analysis, where the morphology analysis is based on the micromorphology, pore size distribution and size of graphene composite sponge, analyzing the crystal structure of the basic unit by scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), specific surface area tester (BET), Raman spectrum, and X-ray diffraction (XRD), chemical composition analysis is specifically carried out by a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer analysis of the changes in the organic functional groups in the molecules of the graphene composite sponge before and after chemical reduction, and by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), element distribution on the surface of graphene composite sponge, carrying out analysis of chemical interactions between elements, further analyzing and determining the various elements (carbon, nitrogen and oxygen) present in the graphene composite sponge, and chemical bond connection between various elements and content of various elements during the preparation process.