▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - Microfluidic device comprises a top layer comprising a top support layer and top layer(s) of graphene, a bottom layer comprising a bottom support layer and bottom layer(s) of graphene, and a middle layer sandwiched between the top layer and the bottom layer having a patterned cavity defining a sample holding chamber. The top layer exhibits an optically clear top window area comprising portion of the top layer(s) of graphene; and the bottom layer exhibits an optically clear bottom window area comprising portion of the bottom layer(s) of graphene. USE - The microfluidic device is useful for X-ray scattering or diffraction (claimed), for microfluidic X-ray analysis of target materials including biomolecules, and for protein crystallography. ADVANTAGE - By enabling a dramatic decrease in the overall device thickness, graphene-based microfluidic devices enable the adaption of microfluidic crystallization platforms to crystallography. Incorporation of graphene layers into ultra-thin microfluidic devices, where architecture allows for a total material thickness of approximately 1 mu m, facilitates on-chip X-ray diffraction analysis while creating a sample environment that is stable against significant water loss over some weeks. The small length-scales of microfluidic devices create an environment free of inertial or convective effects while providing exquisite control over local conditions and gradients. The reproducibility of the microfluidic environment allows for the formulation of identical crystallization conditions, without the uncontrolled variations in concentration that result from chaotic mixing in bulk crystallization strategies. The absence of these effects facilitates both the simultaneous growth of a large number of isomorphous crystals and can provide additional benefits in crystal quality. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for: (1) an array device comprising greater than or equal to 2 microfluidic devices; (2) fabricating a microfluidic device, which involves providing a 1st graphene film comprising layer(s) of graphene and a second graphene film comprising layer(s) of graphene; coating the 1st graphene film and the second graphene film with a layer of a material resistant to exposure to ferric chloride; transferring the coated 1st graphene film to a support layer forming a top layer with a window area defined by the 1st graphene film; transferring the coated second graphene film to a support layer forming a bottom layer with a window area defined by the second graphene film; providing a middle layer exhibiting a pattern; and forming the microfluidic device by bonding the middle layer to and between the top and the bottom layers to form a sandwiched construct having a cavity defined by the top and bottom layers and the pattern of the middle layer; (3) X-ray diffraction, which involves growing microcrystals in the sample chamber of the microfluidic device; directing an X-ray beam to the microcrystals via the top or bottom window of the microfluidic device; and measuring the X-ray diffraction of the microcrystals via the bottom or top window of the microfluidic device; and (4) X-ray scattering or diffraction, which involves providing crystalline or non-crystalline materials in the sample chamber of the microfluidic device; directing an X-ray beam to the crystalline or non-crystalline materials via the top or bottom window of the microfluidic device; and measuring the X-ray scattering or diffraction of the crystalline or non-crystalline materials via the bottom or top window of the microfluidic device.