▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - The electrode (10) has an active layer laminated in between a current collector (12) and a separator. Several graphene sheets (18) are extended vertically from the surface of current collector to direct electron flow along the lamination direction. The vertically aligned graphene sheets are separated by horizontal carbon nanotubes (20). The adjacent nanotubes are separated by a distance of 20-50 nm. The height of graphene sheets is 50-60 microns. The graphene sheets are attached to the current collector by a polymer binder. USE - Three dimensional electrode for a battery e.g. lithium-ion battery used in an electric vehicle (EV) and a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV). ADVANTAGE - The graphene sheets maintain vertical conductive pathways throughout the life of the battery, and increase lithium ion storage due to use of increased graphite in the electrode. The graphene sheets maintain conductive pathways over the entire lifetime of the electrode in order to reduce internal resistance of the battery and increase battery life. The graphene sheets restrain expansion of active material in order to avoid particle cracking and pulverization, electrode delamination, electrical isolation of active material, capacity fade due to collapsed conductive pathways, increase of internal resistance over time, and decrease of the ability to deliver current. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a battery. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a perspective view of the electrode. Electrode (10) Current collector (12) Graphene sheet (18) Carbon nanotube (20) Sputtered metal (22)