▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - Battery assembly having a distributed cooling and fire protection system, comprises: (a) many battery cells; (b) a case which holds the battery cells, having empty space around each cell to accommodate a desired content of a first cooling liquid; and (c) a cooling liquid distribution system, having a cooling liquid reservoir and/or pipes that are in proximity to at least a subset of the cells and configured to deliver, on demand, the desired content of the first cooling liquid on a cell or multiple cells in the vicinity of the cell or into the empty space surrounding the cell when a temperature of the cell exceeds a threshold temperature, where the first cooling liquid comprises a fire protection or fire suppression substance which, on contact with the cell, prevents, retards, or extinguishes a cell fire and prevents a propagation or cell-to-cell cascading reactions of a thermal runaway or fire event. The assembly further comprises heat spreader element (14). USE - The assembly is useful as lithium-ion battery, lithium metal secondary battery, lithium-sulfur battery, lithium-air battery, lithium-selenium battery, sodium-ion battery, sodium metal secondary battery, sodium-sulfur battery, sodium-air battery, magnesium-ion battery, magnesium metal battery, aluminum-ion battery, aluminum metal secondary battery, zinc-ion battery, zinc metal battery, zinc-air battery, nickel metal hydride battery, lead acid battery, lead acid-carbon battery, lead acid-based ultra-battery, lithium-ion capacitor or supercapacitor (claimed). ADVANTAGE - The assembly: overcomes safety problem without adding significant weight, volume, and complexity of the thermal management system; can be operated in safe mode free from any thermal runaway problem; provides cooling and fire protection system that enables the battery module/pack to operate in a safe mode with reduced or eliminated chance of overheating and without significantly increasing cooling system weight, volume, and complexity; and has high thermal conductivity. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of the rectangular battery cell in a battery module or pack. Casing or protective housing (12) Heat spreader element (14) Anode (16) Separator (18) Cathode (20)