▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - Malleable dough comprises graphene oxide sheets dispersed in water, where the concentration of graphene oxide sheets is 20-60 wt.% based on the total weight of the graphene oxide sheets and the water USE - The dough is useful in glassy graphene oxide solid and glassy graphene solid (all claimed). ADVANTAGE - The dough: is free of polymers, polymer precursors, and chemicals that act to increase the dispersibility of the graphene oxide sheets in water; has a stiffness of 0.1-1 MPa; provides glassy graphene oxide solid that has an edge hardness, as measured by nanoindentation, that differs from a top hardness, as measured by nanoindentation, by not greater than 15%; provides glassy graphene solid that has a Vickers hardness of at least 30 HV300; has high graphene oxide or reduced graphene oxide contents; and lacks long-range lamellar stacking order. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for: (1) making (M1) the dough, comprising forming an aqueous dispersion comprising graphene oxide sheets dispersed in water, where the aqueous dispersion has a graphene oxide sheet concentration of not greater than 2 wt.%, the aqueous dispersion is free of polymers, polymer precursors, and chemicals that act to increase the dispersibility of the graphene oxide sheets in water, freeze drying the aqueous dispersion to form a graphene oxide foam and partially rehydrating the graphene oxide foam by exposing it to a water mist to form the dough in which the concentration of graphene oxide sheets is 20-60 wt.%, based on the total weight of the graphene oxide sheets and the water; (2) glassy graphene oxide solid comprising graphene oxide sheets arranged in a non-lamellar arrangement and optionally, water, where the concentration of graphene oxide sheets is greater than 60 wt.%, based on the total weight of the graphene oxide sheets and any water that is present, and the glassy solid is free of polymers, polymer precursors, and chemicals that act to increase the dispersibility of the graphene oxide sheets in water; (3) a glassy graphene solid comprising reduced graphene oxide sheets arranged in a non-lamellar arrangement and optionally, water, where the concentration of reduced graphene oxide sheets is greater than 60 wt.%, based on the total weight of the reduced graphene oxide sheets and any water that is present, and the glassy graphene solid is free of polymers, polymer precursors, and chemicals that act to increase the dispersibility of the reduced graphene oxide sheets in water; (4) making (M2) the glassy graphene oxide solid, comprising forming an aqueous dispersion comprising graphene oxide sheets dispersed in water, where the aqueous dispersion has a graphene oxide sheet concentration of not greater than 2 wt.%, the aqueous dispersion is free of polymers, polymer precursors, and chemicals that act to increase the dispersibility of the graphene oxide sheets in water, freeze drying the aqueous dispersion to form a graphene oxide foam, partially rehydrating the graphene oxide foam by exposing it to a water mist to form a dough in which the concentration of graphene oxide sheets is 20-60 wt.%, based on the total weight of the graphene oxide sheets and the water, mechanically manipulating the dough and drying the dough; and (5) making (M3) the glassy graphene solid, comprising forming an aqueous dispersion comprising graphene oxide sheets dispersed in water, where the aqueous dispersion has a graphene oxide sheet concentration of not greater than 2 wt.%, the aqueous dispersion is free of polymers, polymer precursors, and chemicals that act to increase the dispersibility of the graphene oxide sheets in water, freeze drying the aqueous dispersion to form a graphene oxide foam, partially rehydrating the graphene oxide foam by exposing it to a water mist to form a dough in which the concentration of graphene oxide sheets is 20-60 wt.%, based on the total weight of the graphene oxide sheets and the water, mechanically manipulating the partially rehydrated dough, reducing graphene oxide sheets in the dough to form reduced graphene oxide sheets and hot pressing the dough.