▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - Integrated circuit chip (110) comprises a chemically differentiated array of graphene field effect transistors, the graphene field effect transistors individually including a source, a drain, and a graphene channel; one or more wells that are formed above one or more groups of the graphene field effect transistors of the array; a first type of biomolecule that functionalizes graphene channels of a first group of the one or more groups of graphene field effect transistors, the first type of biomolecule selected to bind to a first type of biological substance comprised in the sample liquid; a second type of biomolecule that functionalizes graphene channels of a second group of the one or more groups of graphene field effect transistors, the second type of biomolecule selected to bind to a second type of biological substance comprised in the sample liquid and different from the first type of biological substance; and one or more electrodes. USE - The integrated circuit chip or graphene transistor based system is useful for multiplexed analysis of biological samples or for electronic biological sample analysis (claimed). ADVANTAGE - Preferably, unlike traditional silicon transistors, graphene does not oxidize in air, is extremely chemically inert, and thermally stable without the need for disposing protective layers on the graphene. Accordingly, less material is necessary to construct the graphene chip, and the graphene chip may be placed directly in contact with the sensing environment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for: (1) a graphene transistor based system for multiplexed analysis of biological samples; and electronic biological sample analysis which involves delivering a biological sample liquid to one or more wells that are formed above one or more groups of a chemically differentiated array of graphene field effect transistors, the wells being configured to receive a volume of biological sample liquid comprising different types of biological substances to be distinguished using electrical measurements of output signals of the graphene field effect transistors, where: the graphene channels of a first group of one or more transistors in the array are functionalized with a first type of biomolecule selected to bind to a first biological substance in the sample liquid; and the graphene channels of a second group of one or more transistors in the array are functionalized with a second type of biomolecule selected to bind to a second biological substance in the sample liquid; applying a supply voltage (VD) to the drain of the graphene field effect transistors in the array; applying a changing gate bias voltage (VGS) to the sample liquid using a first electrode that is disposed on a top surface of the chip and offset horizontally from the channel of any of the transistors in the array, where the gate bias voltage increases and decreases within a predetermined range; monitoring a reference voltage (VREF) of the liquid using a second electrode that is disposed on a top surface of the chip and offset horizontally from the channel of any of the transistors in the array; determining measurement vectors for the individual transistors of the array, the measurement vectors individually comprising output current (ID) measurements of the transistor, measurements of the changing VREF voltage of the liquid, and slope measurements of the current outputs of the transistors relative to the changing VREF voltage of the liquid; and distinguishing binding between the first type of biomolecule and the first biological substance in the sample liquid from binding between the second type of biomolecule and the second type of biological substance in the sample liquid based at least in part on differences in slope of the measurement vectors.