▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - The process involves including an electrically conductive material in a polymerisation mixture capable of forming an electrically conductive polymer, such that the material is provided across an uppermost and/or a lowermost region of the polymerisation mixture, and subsequently polymerising the polymerisation mixture. The electrically conductive material is in particulate form, and is electrically conductive carbon, a transition metal oxide, or combinations. The electrically conductive carbon is in the form of individual activated carbon fibres, activated carbon fibers woven or felted into a cloth-like fabric, activated carbon powder, powdered graphite, graphene sheets, powdered graphene, powdered graphane, powdered carbon nanotubes, or combinations. USE - Integrating process of electrically conductive material into surface layer of electrically conductive polymer. ADVANTAGE - Increases in effective surface area is provided without the necessity for a conventional extended surface electrode, thus allows simple smooth surface electrodes to be used. Provides increased capacitance without having to resort to extended surface area electrodes, and allows increased capacitance to be achieved whilst using simple smooth surface electrodes. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following: (1) a process of forming an electrically conductive polymer; (2) an electrically conductive polymer; (3) a use of a polymer; and (4) an electrochemical cell. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the flow diagram of producing an oriented particle/membrane surface.