▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - The method involves preparing graphene oxide (GO) distributed with different densities of lithiophilic substances into a film by an electrostatic spraying function. The film is prepared into a lithiophilic three-dimensional porous self-supporting carrier by a one-step thermal reduction function. Metal lithium is encapsulated in pores of the lithiophilic three-dimensional porous self-supporting carrier to obtain a metal lithium negative electrode. The lithiophilic substances are prepared from lithiophilic materials selected form gold (Au), silver (Ag), zinc (Zn), zinc oxide (ZnO), aluminum oxide and silicon dioxide (Si02). The metal lithium is elementary metal lithium and metal lithium alloy. USE - Method for preparing a metal lithium negative electrode encapsulated in a three-dimensional self-supporting lithiophilic carrier for a lithium battery (all claimed) in an electric vehicle and a high-end portable electronic device. ADVANTAGE - The lithiophilic substances distributed on the three-dimensional porous carrier can reduce overpotential of metal lithium nucleation. The lithiophilic substances are stepped up along direction away from a diaphragm so as to effectively regulate and control the metal lithium to gradually fill the pores in a porous structure along direction toward the diaphragm. The metal lithium is limited in the porous structure, which can buffer a volume change of the metal lithium in a circulation process so as to reduce contact between the metal lithium and an electrolyte and reduce irreversible consumption of active substances and the electrolyte, thus increasing circulation coulombic efficiency and effectively inhibiting the lithium dendrites. The electrode has ultrahigh circulation stability, high safety and long service life in the circulation process. The method enables allowing density of the RGO-based three-dimensional porous self-supporting carrier to be extremely low, so that proportion of the RGO-based three-dimensional porous self-supporting carrier in the lithium-metal composite negative electrode is negligible, thus fully reflecting the metal lithium as an electrode material with high specific capacity. The metal lithium negative electrode can inhibit lithium dendrites, and has high circulation coulombic efficiency, circulation stability and safety. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of an SEM image of RGO-Au.