▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - Composite comprises a reduced form of a two-dimensional material grafted onto a surface of a carbon substrate, where the reduced form of the two-dimensional material forms covalent bonds with the surface of the carbon substrate. USE - The composite is useful in fuel cells, microbial fuel cells, capacitors, supercapacitors, batteries, microelectronics, nanoelectronics, electrochemical advanced oxidation processes or electro-coagulation (all claimed). ADVANTAGE - The composite provides a high performance and stable cathode for electrochemical applications. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for: forming (M1) a composite comprising (a) contacting a polymer-containing carbon substrate with a two-dimensional material, and (b) treating the two-dimensional material in contact with the polymer-containing carbon substrate to simultaneously reduce and graft the two-dimensional material thereon the carbon substrate, where the composite comprises a reduced form of the two-dimensional material grafted on it carbon substrate; cathode comprising the composite; making (M2) a cathode, comprising (a) contacting a polymer-containing carbon substrate with a two-dimensional material, (b) treating the two-dimensional material when in contact with on the polymer-containing carbon substrate to simultaneously reduce and graft the two-dimensional material in it carbon substrate, where the composite comprises a reduced form of two-dimensional material grafted on it the carbon substrate, and (c) assembling the composite to form the cathode; reducing (M3) organic pollutants in water comprising (a) contacting an amount of organic pollutant containing water with a cathode and an anode, (b) adding Fenton's regent to the amount of organic pollutant containing water in step (a), and (c) applying a voltage between the cathode and anode for a duration; and electro-Fenton apparatus comprising a cathode and an anode, where the cathode comprises the composite.