▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - The invention relates to a process for preparing graphene-based materials with application in energetics, environment protection and medicine. According to the invention, the process comprises the oxidative chemical exfoliation of graphite, followed by washing/ centrifugation/ ultrasonication/ sedimentation stages, to result in a graphene oxide precursor colloidal solution from the centrifugation of which three phases of different physical properties are obtained, they being used for preparing transparent/ opaque and flexible/ rigid films or membranes; further on, the graphene-oxide films or membranes are thermally reduced in air or chemically reduced in a controlled manner to prepare materials based on reduced graphene oxide.