▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - Producing (P1) graphene oxide involves mixing graphite source with a solution containing at least one oxidant and at least one protecting agent; and oxidizing the graphite source with the oxidant in presence of the protecting agent to form graphene oxide. USE - For producing graphene oxide, functionalized graphene oxide, chemically converted graphene, and functionalized, chemically converted graphene (claimed). ADVANTAGE - The graphene oxide, functionalized graphene oxide, chemically converted graphene, functionalized, chemically converted graphene is operable to slow the filtration rate of a liquid mixture selected from aqueous liquid mixture and/or non-aqueous liquid mixture. The functionalized graphene oxide is operable to slow the filtration rate of non-aqueous liquid mixture. The graphene oxide is more highly oxidized than is graphene oxide prepared in the absence of at least one protecting agent, where the protecting agent prevents the formation of holes in the graphene basal plane by providing in situ protection of vicinal diols that form during oxidative treatment of graphite. The graphene oxide has improved chemoselectivity for graphite oxidation. The higher degree of oxidation is reflected in the different color of the present graphene oxide compared to that of previously known graphene oxide materials. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following: (1) graphene oxide (P2) are prepared by the method involving mixing the graphite source with the solution containing at least one acid solvent, at least one oxidant and at least one protecting agent, where the protecting agent is operable for protecting vicinal diols, and oxidizing the graphite source with the oxidant in presence of the protecting agent to form graphene oxide; (2) functionalized graphene oxide (P3) are prepared by the method involving reacting the graphene oxide with derivatizing agent to form functionalized graphene oxide; (3) chemically converted graphene (P4) are prepared by the method involving reducing the graphene oxide with at least one reducing agent to form chemically converted graphene; (4) functionalized, chemically converted graphene (P5) are prepared by the method in which the derivatizing agent comprises an aryl diazonium species; (5) mixture (M1) comprising graphene oxide prepared by the method (P2); (6) mixture (M2) comprising functionalized graphene oxide (P3); (7) mixture (M3) comprising chemically converted graphene (P4); (8) mixture (M4) comprising functionalized, chemically converted graphene (P5); and (9) mixture (M5) comprising more than one graphene type selected from graphene oxide, functionalized graphene oxide, chemically converted graphene, and functionalized, chemically converted graphene, where the mixture comprising more than one type graphene type is operable to slow the filtration rate of a liquid mixture selected from aqueous liquid mixture, and/or non-aqueous liquid mixture.