▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - Wound monitoring system comprises: a biosensing module that is contactable with the wound site, where the biosensing module is configured to output a signal indicative of presence of at least one biomolecule released by bacterial cells at the wound site; and readout circuitry coupled to the biosensing module for wirelessly transmitting the signal to an external device, where the signal is produced by a change in dielectric permittivity of the biosensing module. The biosensing module comprises a hydrogel, the hydrogel comprising polynucleotide crosslinked with polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether. The polynucleotide is single stranded DNA and/or single stranded RNA. The hydrogel further comprises a dopant including e.g. poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrene sulfonate), graphene oxide, single wall carbon nanotube and/or silver nanowire. The biomolecule is a nuclease. USE - The system is useful for monitoring a bacterial infection at a wound site (claimed). ADVANTAGE - The system: utilizes capacitance sensing mode that allows easy interfacing with wireless readout setup; utilizes flexible interdigitated capacitive biosensor that provides an entity to realize capacitance sensing mode, and has greatly benefit skin interfaced sensing and integration with commercial wound dressings; utilizes DNA hydrogel that (i) has tissue-compatible modulus, excellent processability, tunable permittivity, anti-dehydration and good selectivity to pathogenic activity, and (ii) serves as an effective pathogen indicator and a bio-electrical signal transducer for biosensor; utilizes technique that eliminates the use of battery or wired-in scheme, and prevents the eavesdropping of personal information by other receivers; utilizes smartphone-based signal readout that sends and receives information via daily smartphone with a user-friendly interface; utilizes wireless sensing tag that can continuously monitor the wound site on-demand without disturbing the wound dressing and healing process; avoids symptoms of complications; provides post-surgical complications related to infection that are usually realized with serious symptoms at very late stage; leads to invasive and expensive clinical treatment; solves such clinical pain point, as the infection can be wirelessly detected in real time; allows remote sensing of wound sites, thus solving the visual hindrance by wound dressings over wounds; and is based on a smartphone-driven wireless sensing scheme, which enables long-term and easy deployment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for: fabricating the wound monitoring system; monitoring a bacterial cell concentration of an in vitro sample from a subject; and monitoring a bacterial infection at a wound.