▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - Modifying a carbon substrate, comprises: providing a carbon substrate; modifying the surface of the carbon substrate; and growing carbon nanotubes on the modified surface of the carbon substrate. USE - The method is useful for modifying a carbon substrate including carbon fibers, graphite, graphene, graphite oxide and/or diamond (all claimed). ADVANTAGE - The method: provides improved growth of carbon nanotubes on the carbon fiber surface; and increases surface area of the carbon substrates, thus making the adhesion between the carbon substrate and polymer matrix of composites stronger.