▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - Desalination battery (100) comprises a container (102) configured to contain a saline solution (103) having a 1st concentration c1 of dissolved salts; 1st and 2nd intercalation hosts, arranged to be in fluid communication with the saline solution, at least the 1st intercalation host including expanded graphite having graphene layers with an interlayer spacing between the graphene layers in z-direction of greater than or equal to 0.34 nm; and a power source (108) configured to supply electric current to the 1st and 2nd intercalation hosts such that the 1st and 2nd intercalation hosts reversibly store and release cations and anions from the saline solution located between the graphene layers to generate a fresh aqueous solution having a 2nd concentration c2 of dissolved salts and a brine solution having a 3rd concentration c3 of dissolved salts within the container such that c3 greater than or equal to c1 greater than or equal to c2. USE - A desalination battery. ADVANTAGE - The container may be made from a material which will minimize occurrence of water contamination. The pillaring agents may further enhance the mass transport and/or selectivity of ion adsorption and desorption processes in the battery. Incorporating sulfur as a pillaring agent may result in attracting a larger proportion of cations. Alternatively, modifying the expanded graphite with positive metal or metal oxides may result in an increased attraction of anions while repelling cations. The pillaring agents may thus assist with adjusting chemistry of the fresh aqueous solution to achieve a desirable chemical composition of drinking water. For example, in a region where the seawater to be desalinated contains an undesirable amount of anions and/or desirable amount of cations, a positive pillaring agent may be incorporated to attract the anions to be intercalated while leaving a greater amount of cations in the aqueous solution. The fresh aqueous solution may thus be tailored to the local needs and drinking water norms. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for: (1) a desalination intercalation electrode (104,106) for use with a desalination battery, comprising: 60-95 wt.% expanded graphite; 1-20 wt.% conductivity agent(s); and 1-20 wt.% polymeric binder(s), based on the total weight of the desalination intercalation electrode; and (2) a desalination intercalation host comprising expanded graphite including graphene layers with an interlayer spacing ds between the graphene layers in z-direction of greater than or equal to 0.34 nm; pillaring agents, each incorporated between adjacent graphene layers within the expanded graphite and configured to maintain the interlayer spacing ds between the adjacent layers; conductivity agents; and polymeric binders. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic diagram of the desalination battery. Desalination battery (100) Container (102) Liquid solution (103) Electrodes (104,106) Power source (108)