▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - The system (900) has: a microwave energy source (904) configured to generate a microwave energy (909), the microwave energy source having an on-state and an off-state; a control circuit coupled to the microwave energy source and including an output to generate a control signal configured to at least partially adjust a pulse frequency of the microwave energy; a voltage generator configured to apply a non-zero voltage to the microwave energy source during the off-state, where a frequency and a duty cycle of the non-zero voltage is based on a frequency and a duty cycle of the control signal; and a field-enhancing waveguide (FEWG) (905) coupled to the microwave energy source and including a field-enhancing zone having a cross-sectional area that decreases along a length of the FEWG. USE - The reactor system or the method is used for producing carbon-containing powder (claimed) or carbon particles. The reactor system is used for controlling a microwave energy source to provide pulsed microwave energy for generating carbon-inclusive particles from raw materials using microwave plasma chemical processing. The system is used for generating carbon particles and aggregates containing graphite, graphene and amorphous carbon. ADVANTAGE - The reactor system is coupled to a circuit configured to propagate microwave energy at a defined pulse frequency or duty cycle into the reactor for outputting the carbon particles. The system greatly reduces the issue of particle build-up causing limited run-times, and improves production efficiency of the microwave processing system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The system (900) has: a microwave energy source (904) configured to generate a microwave energy (909), the microwave energy source having an on-state and an off-state; a control circuit coupled to the microwave energy source and including an output to generate a control signal configured to at least partially adjust a pulse frequency of the microwave energy; a voltage generator configured to apply a non-zero voltage to the microwave energy source during the off-state, where a frequency and a duty cycle of the non-zero voltage is based on a frequency and a duty cycle of the control signal; and a field-enhancing waveguide (FEWG) (905) coupled to the microwave energy source and including a field-enhancing zone having a cross-sectional area that decreases along a length of the FEWG. The field-enhancing zone has: a supply gas inlet configured to receive a supply gas; a reaction zone (901) configured to generate a plasma (906) in response to excitation of the supply gas by the microwave energy; a process inlet configured to inject a raw material into the reaction zone; and an outlet (903) configured to output a carbon-containing powder based on a mixture of the supply gas and portions of the raw material within the plasma. The system further includes a collector configured to collect the carbon-containing powder, and a gas/solid separator to separate gas-phase materials and solid-phase materials from the carbon-containing powder. The control circuit further comprises a filament configured to adjust a dissociation of the supply gas. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a method comprising generating a microwave energy from a microwave energy source, generating a control signal configured to adjust a pulse frequency of the microwave energy control the microwave energy source, applying a non-zero voltage to the microwave energy source during an off-state of the microwave energy source, the non-zero voltage configured to adjust a frequency and a duty cycle of the control signal, generating a plasma in response to excitation of a supply gas by the microwave energy, injecting a raw material into the plasma, forming a mixture based on a combination of the supply gas and portions of the raw material within the plasma, and outputting a carbon-containing powder based on an excitation of the mixture by the microwave energy. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a vertical cross-section of a reactor (a reactor coupled to a microwave energy source), based on a reactor system. Reactor system (900) Reaction zone (901) Outlet (903) Microwave energy source (904) Field-enhancing waveguide (905) Plasma (906) Microwave energy (909)