▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - Electrode material comprises composite particles (100), where each composite particle comprises a primary particle (102) comprising thermally disproportionated, metal-doped, silicon oxide, and an envelope (110) arranged on the surface of the primary particle. The envelope comprises turbostratic carbon having a Raman spectrum having: a D band having a peak intensity (ID) at wave number between 1330 -1360 cm-1, a G band having a peak intensity (IG), and a 2D band having a peak intensity (I2D) at wave number between 2650-2750 cm-1, a ratio of ID/IG is 0-0.9, and a ratio of (I2D)/IG is 0.5-2. The ratio of ID/IG is 0.3-0.7, and the ratio of I2D/IG is 0.8-1.2. The composite particles comprise at least 50 wt.% primary particles. USE - The electrode material is used in an electrode and a lithium ion secondary battery (all claimed) including consumer electronics, wearable computing devices, military mobile equipment, satellite communication, spacecraft devices and electric vehicles, and in large-scale energy applications such as low-emission electric vehicles, renewable power plants, and stationary electric grids, and for electrochemical cells. ADVANTAGE - The electrode material incorporates carbon materials of defined quality characteristics that favorably impact electrochemical cell cyclability, has excellent cycling stability, maximizes high rate discharge by optimizing the defect characteristics of the carbon additive and properly incorporating it onto the surface of the silicon alloy active particle, enhances the electrolyte absorption capability of the electrode, augments wetting of the electrolyte at the electrode-electrolyte interface, improves ionic diffusion to the particle surface, promotes interfacial charge transfer, decreases electrode charge transfer resistance, exhibits high ion-conductivity to reduce overvoltage, provides microporosity to the heterogeneous composite particles, graphene, has superior electrical conductivity, imparts superior electrical conductivity to such particles, and reduces the internal resistance of a battery electrode. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following: 1. an electrode comprising the electrode material, and a binder; 2. a lithium secondary battery; 3. a method of forming an anode material; DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of the electrode material. Composite particles (100) Primary particle (102) Envelope (110)