▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - A composite material comprises (a) a carbon-based core having a porous exterior surface, and a (b) coating on at least a portion of the porous exterior surface of the carbon-based core. The coating is (i) substantially permeable to at least one type of metal ions or metal atoms, and (ii) substantially impermeable to liquids. USE - Composite material used in electrical energy storage system such as rechargeable battery such as lithium-ion battery (all claimed). Uses include but are not limited to cell phone, tablet, laptop, power tool, and electric vehicle. ADVANTAGE - The composite material has excellent mechanical strength, improved electrochemical performance, and suppressed volume expansion (swelling) of electrode material during charging and discharging, thereby improving performance such as capacity, life-time and cycle stability of the battery. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the preparation of the composite material.