▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - Functionalized electrode preparation (M1), comprises depositing a conductive material onto the surface of a substrate by droplet-based printing, such as aerosol jet printing, of particles comprising an electrically-conductive material, and functionalizing the surface of the conductive material with binding reagent that binds to an analyte. USE - The method is useful for functionalized electrode preparation, which is used to detect antigen or epitope of protein of virus, bacteria, fungus, or parasite, such as protein of coronavirus, such as SARS-CoV-2, ebola virus, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), influenza virus, herpes virus, zika virus, Escherichia coliand/or Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a sample such as plasma and/or serum. No biological data given. ADVANTAGE - The method is quick, sensitive, accurate and detects an infectious disease in the early stage (2-5 days) of infection. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for: (1) an electrode comprising a substrate comprising a droplet-based printed, and optionally sintered, conductive material, and a coating comprising a binding reagent covalently bonded to the surface of the conductive material that binds to an analyte; (2) a microfluidic test device comprising at least one sensing electrodes in chamber or channel configured to receive liquid test sample, where the sensing electrode comprises substrate and electrode array comprising working electrode, counter electrode, and, optionally, reference electrode on the substrate, and the working electrode comprises droplet-based printed, and optionally sintered, conductive material, and coating comprising binding reagent covalently bonded to the surface of the conductive material that binds to analyte; and (3) a method (M2) of sensing an analyte comprising contacting a fluid comprising the analyte with the electrode.