▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - Composite membrane comprises a nanoporous graphene layer that has a first side and a second side; a first selective membrane configured in contact with the first side of the nanoporous graphene layer; and a porous support substrate configured in contact with the second side of the nanoporous graphene layer. USE - The composite membrane is useful for gas and liquid separations. ADVANTAGE - By depositing the selective membrane on a flat surface, the nanoporous graphene on the nonporous support substrate, the selective membranes may be produced with reduced defect formation at thicknesses of as little as 0.1 mu m or less. The composite membranes may have increased permeance compared to thicker selective membranes, and structural strength greater than thin selective membranes alone. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for: (1) a method of preparing a composite membrane, which involves depositing a first selective membrane at a second surface of a nanoporous graphene layer, where a first surface of the nanoporous graphene layer is configured in contact with a nonporous support substrate; removing the nanoporous graphene layer together with the first selective membrane from the nonporous support substrate; and contacting the second surface of the nanoporous graphene layer to a porous support substrate to form the composite membrane; (2) a system for manufacturing a composite membrane, comprising a chemical vapor deposition chamber; a chemical vapor deposition source; a heater; a temperature sensor; a graphene nano-perforation apparatus; a polymer film manipulator; a selective membrane deposition apparatus; a porous support source; and a controller operatively coupled to one or more of the chemical vapor deposition chamber, the chemical vapor deposition source, the heater, the temperature sensor, the graphene nano-perforation apparatus, the polymer film manipulator, the selective membrane deposition apparatus, and the porous support source, where the controller is configured by machine executable instructions to: control the chemical vapor deposition source, the temperature sensor, and the heater effective to deposit graphene at a nonporous growth substrate in the chemical vapor deposition chamber; control the graphene nano-perforation apparatus effective to perforate the graphene at the nonporous growth substrate to form a nanoporous graphene layer; control the selective membrane deposition apparatus effective to deposit a first selective membrane on a first surface of the nanoporous graphene layer; control the polymer film manipulator effective to remove the nanoporous graphene layer together with the first selective membrane from a nonporous support substrate; control the porous support source effective to provide a porous support substrate; and control the polymer film manipulator effective to contact a second surface of the nanoporous graphene layer to a surface of the porous support substrate to form the composite membrane; and (3) a computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored for manufacturing a composite graphene membrane, comprising instructions to: control a sample manipulator to position a nonporous support substrate in a chemical vapor deposition chamber, where a first surface of a nanoporous graphene layer is configured in contact with the nonporous support substrate; control a selective membrane deposition apparatus to deposit a first selective membrane at a second surface of the nanoporous graphene layer; control a polymer film manipulator and the sample manipulator to remove the nanoporous graphene layer together with the first selective membrane from the nonporous support substrate; and control the polymer film manipulator and the sample manipulator to contact the second surface of the nanoporous graphene layer to a porous support substrate to form the composite membrane.