▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - A temperature control element comprises two or more structural elements, one or more anisotropic elements comprising one or more anisotropic materials comprising graphite, graphene, carbon nanotubes, crystalline material and/or cohesive powder, arranged between the two or more structural elements, and a tempering element configured to be in heat transfer relation with an electrochemical cell (20) to heat and/or cool the electrochemical cell. USE - Temperature control element is used for electrochemical cell e.g. solid-state or semi-solid-state rechargeable lithium-ion or sodium-ion battery. Uses include but are not limited to 12 V stop-start system, battery-assisted system, hybrid electric vehicle, motorcycle, boat, tractor, bus, recreational vehicle, caravan, sport utility vehicle, snowmobile, airplane, laptop computer, tablet computer, cellphone, cordless power tool, appliance, etc. ADVANTAGE - The battery containing the temperature control element has improved efficiency, lifespan and capacitance, and low resistance. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of the electrochemical battery cell for cycle of lithium ions. Lithium-ion battery as electrochemical cell (20) Negative electrode (22) Positive electrode (24) Separator (26) External circuit (40)