▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - A graphite oxide is formed by providing intercalated flakes of graphite, adding nitric acid to graphite flakes in reaction vessel at 0 degrees C under air purge, adding chlorate salt as oxidant to mixture while stirring and controlling the formation of chlorine dioxide (ClO2) such that ClO2 amount does not exceed 10 vol.%, increasing reaction temperature at a rate of 3-5 degrees C/hour to room temperature for 12 hours under air purge to allow formation of graphite oxide, washing, and separating graphite oxide from reaction mixture. USE - Formation of graphite oxide for graphene preparation used in graphene-based device (all claimed). ADVANTAGE - The use of intercalated graphite flakes as starting material allows rapid oxidation into graphite oxide with high degree of oxidation, while enabling its easy and cost-effective isolation from other reaction products by simple filtration. The method is cost-effective and environment-friendly because graphite oxide is produced and isolated while minimizing amount of released toxic gases, which also minimizes associated safety risk for the manufacturing plant. The graphite oxide can be exfoliated under ultrasonic treatment without damage, producing large surface graphene oxide. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for: (1) graphite oxide comprising carbon/oxygen (C/O) atomic ratio of 2.7-3.2; (2) preparation of graphene which involves providing graphite oxide and treating graphite oxide; and (3) graphene based-device comprising elements containing or coated with graphene.