▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - Fabrication of graphene materials, involves: coating a non-volatile hydrocarbon precursor onto a metal substrate; heating the coated metal substrate to a first temperature; maintaining the first temperature of the coated metal substrate to disassociate the hydrocarbon precursor into carbon on the metal substrate; and cooling the coated metal substrate to a second temperature that is lower than the first temperature to allow the disassociated hydrocarbon to arrange itself into graphene on the metal substrate. USE - The methods are useful for fabricating graphene materials, and producing porous graphene (claimed). ADVANTAGE - The methods provide processes that use nanoscale fabrication technologies, and produce graphene materials, preferably different graphene-hybrid nanostructures in a single fabrication step. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a method for producing porous graphene which involves: coating a hydrocarbon-nanoparticle mixture onto a metal substrate, the hydrocarbon-nanoparticle mixture including a saturated hydrocarbon and nanoparticles; heating the hydrocarbon-nanoparticle mixture coated metal substrate to substantially at least 450 degrees C; maintaining a temperature of the hydrocarbon-nanoparticle mixture coated metal substrate at substantially at least 450 degrees C to disassociate the hydrocarbon-nanoparticle mixture on the surface of the metal substrate into carbon and the nanoparticles; and cooling the heated hydrocarbon-nanoparticle mixture coated metal substrate by substantially at least 20 degrees C/minute to reach 200 degrees C or less, where the cooling allows the carbon to precipitate out at the surface of the metal substrate and arrange itself into graphene together with the nanoparticles; coating a polymer on the graphene and nanoparticles; and dispersing the metal substrate and nanoparticles.