▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - Sensor (100) comprises: many graphene nano-flakes (106) deposited on an underlying substrate (108); many antibodies (104) coupled to the graphene nano-flakes to generate antibody-functionalized graphene nano-flakes, where the antibodies of the antibodies exhibit specific binding to an analyte; and many electrical conductors electrically coupled to the antibody-functionalized graphene nano-flakes for measuring an electrical property. The analyte comprises: a pathogen comprising any of listeria monocytogene, Escherichia coli, chlamydia, and gonorrhea bacteria; allergen comprising a gluten protein; biomarker comprising any of troponin, C reactive protein (CRP), and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP); and virus i.e. a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. The substrate comprises a semiconductor including silicon. USE - The sensor is useful for detecting an analyte in a sample (claimed), e.g. pathogens, allergens and biomarkers in a variety of samples e.g. food samples and biological samples, preferably bodily fluid samples. ADVANTAGE - The sensor: detects changes and analyzes to determine whether the analyte is present in the sample; adopts antibody molecules to enhance the detection of a target analyte ( virus (e.g. SARS-CoV-2 virus)); and adopts graphene flakes which facilitates the detection of electrical properties of the antibody-functionalized graphene flakes e.g. a change in its resistance in response to its interaction with analyte of interest present in the sample that exhibits specific binding to the antibody of the functionalized graphene flakes. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for detecting an analyte in a sample, where the sample comprises a biological sample e.g. any of saliva, urine, and blood. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic depicts of the sensor. Sensor (100) Sensing element (102) Many antibodies (104) Many graphene nano-flakes (106) Underlying substrate (108)